Tornadoes taking highly deviant turns is not really that unusual, even with large and violent tornadoes. That’s the inspiration behind this video, where I recount our storm chase of the infamous El Reno tornado in 2013 and also talk about how, at least when it comes to the track, it was a perfectly normal type…

Something that still surprises me to this day is how often people get watches and warnings confused! This…IS NOT GOOD! Tornado watches mean conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form in the next few hours. A warning is literally an alert telling you a tornado is ongoing or imminent. I explain this in a bit…

One of the biggest ‘bad’ storm reporting trends I see are areas of spinning dust under a storm seemingly almost always ending up as a tornado report. This is irrespective of the broader context that said spinning area of dust exists within. If there is an overarching message I’d like this video to get across…

Supercells are what storm chasers are after each and every year. Ask any storm chaser what they’re really after out there and it is probably either tornadoes or incredible storm structure — both of those are most common with supercells! These rotating storms pack a punch, creating some of the most dangerous weather on earth…

To a beginning storm observer, wall clouds and shelf clouds (and more broadly inflow vs. outflow features) — can be confusing. Both of these storm features look to hang down from storms and oftentimes they can be mistook for one another. However, these two could not be more different. Shelf clouds are products of storm…

Every summer in the desert southwest of the United States, a familiar pattern emerges and storms roam the desert landscapes. This pattern is known as the monsoon pattern. While this pattern isn’t as violent as the spring supercells on the Plains or as active as its namesake from India — the southwest monsoons are an…

From the NWS Glossary: Updraft – A small-scale current of rising air. If the air is sufficiently moist, then the moisture condenses to become a cumulus cloud or an individual tower of a towering cumulus or Cb. Downdraft – A small-scale column of air that rapidly sinks toward the ground, usually accompanied by precipitation as…

The flanking line is common in supercell thunderstorms. The flanking line is a line of cumulus or towering cumulus clouds connected to the parent updraft and extending outwards.

The rear flank downdraft (RFD) is a key ingredient in tornado formation in supercell thunderstorms. The RFD is a region of air (usually dry) subsiding on the back side of a mesocyclone that then wraps around the mesocyclone. It is often visible as a clear slot wrapping around the wall cloud.

Check out this definition from the NWS Glossary: A localized, persistent, often abrupt lowering from a rain-free base. Wall clouds can range from a fraction of a mile up to nearly five miles in diameter, and normally are found on the south or southwest (inflow) side of the thunderstorm. When seen from within several miles,…

Shelf clouds are usually associated with the leading edge of storm outflow — this is usually a sign of a line of storms or an HP supercell. Often, rising motion is seen at the front of the shelf, with the underbelly of the shelf being quite turbulent.

Anvils are the flat, spreading top of a cumulonimbus cloud. Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself. Sometimes, they may even spread upwind.

You don’t need radar to know how a storm is doing. Typically, a storm will give a pretty sure sign as to how strong or how weak it is by its visual cues.

How tornadoes form is one o the biggest questions facing atmospheric scientists today. However, we do know a lot of the ‘whys’ of tornado formation. Most tornadoes form from what we call supercell thunderstorms. These storms have a rotating updraft known as a mesocyclone, which creates the processes necessary for tornado formation.

Not all tornadoes originate from a mesocyclone or even a supercell. One type of non-supercell tornado is a land spout. Landspout tornadoes occur as the parent storm cloud is in its growth stage with the spin originating in the boundary layer of the storm.

You can tell how likely a storm may be to produce tornadoes by the height of its cloud base. Generally a storm with lower cloud bases will pose a greater tornado risk than a storm with higher cloud bases.

Most funnel clouds should be watched very carefully for the potential of a tornado.

Mammatus clouds are certainly pretty, but what do they signify in thunderstorms?

The answer: well basically everywhere but it depends on the time of year for the ‘normal’ peak of severe weather season.

A look at how tornadoes move across the prairie.

A look at some of the ingredients you need to see tornadoes form.

A look at how tornadoes form — or at least as much info on that subject in 1:22 that we could fit!

A look at the top weather killers in the U.S.

A look at what ingredients are needed for storms to form.

A look at supercells, how they form, and what their picces are.

A look at squall lines and what to look for in terms of severe weather threats from them.

When does severe weather season peak in the U.S.?

A look at the EF scale to measure tornado intensity.

A look at what is wind shear.

A look at both when and where storms occur over the US.

The answer: All of them. But what months are the peaks?

A brief explanation of what the heck thunder actually is.

A look at what exactly is lighting…

A look at the different shapes and sizes tornadoes come in…

A look at the main types of thunderstorms.

A look at “pulse” storms…

A look at multicells and what threats they bring in terms of severe weather….

A few facts about lightning.

Severe storms need three main ingredients: wind shear, instability, and atmospheric lift. Atmospheric lift is important to get air parcels in an unstable atmosphere to begin lifting upwards and eventually condensing into clouds. Lift is necessary to overcome a capping inversion on the most dynamic days as well. Usually, lift is associated with an upper…

What is instability, how do we measure it, and what to look for on severe weather days.

Turn around don’t drown seems simple, but flash flooding will probably still be the #1 convective weather killer of the year you are reading this caption.

Let’s answer the question: How big do tornadoes get? Tornadoes can be both very big, and quite small. Their sizes can range from a few yards across to a couple of miles! Thus, tornado size is certainly a variable topic. Interestingly, size doesn’t matter in terms of tornado strength. Bigger tornadoes do have a bigger…

Depending on who is asking, the answer to where is tornado alley varies greatly. Who is asking? Why are they asking? Where are they asking from? Much of the United States lives under a near constant yearly threat from tornadoes spawned from supercells. The answer to where is tornado alley is actually quite complex. Air…

A supercell is a thunderstorm with a deep, persistently rotating updraft. Supercells are the least common form of thunderstorm yet they are potentially the most violent. Large hail of greater than baseball size, strong damaging winds, and tornadoes can accompany these storms. To storm chasers, Supercells are the grand catch — they are the bounty…

Hail is actually responsible for some big monetary loss disasters in the country. All too often during severe weather season, hail takes a back seat to tornadoes but many storms are notable just because of the gigantic hail they throw out. These big ice chunks from thunderstorms form and fall to the ground with intense…

Newer chasers have come of age with an abundance of technology at their fingertips. But did you know you can visually discern what a storm is saying minutes before a satellite or radar image? Here’s one tip…

We oftentimes talk about wind shear as if you already know what it is — but you may find yourself asking what is wind shear when you hear the term. Never fear, we’ve got a video about that very thing. Simply put, wind shear is the change of direction and speed with winds with heigh…

Instability. We talk about it a lot. We talk about as if you know what it is. But you may not know, we may be assuming, and you may be lost. So let’s explain. First…a definition from the officially official experts: The tendency for air parcels to accelerate when they are displaced from their original…